The study
More fuel, less fade over three hours.
Researchers at Liverpool John Moores University had 16 endurance-trained cyclists and triathletes ride for three hours at a moderate effort, taking in water only, 60 g or 120 g of carbohydrate an hour.
Afterwards they measured critical power, roughly the boundary between hard and very hard riding. It dropped for everyone. But it dropped less the more carbohydrate they had taken in.
Norte et al., Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 2026.